face="Times New Roman Star"1 nail, peg 2 corner 3 penis 4 fir
face="Times New Roman Star"1 гвоздь, колышек, чека 2 угол 3 penis 4 хвойное дерево
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/iv 2 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(c?iz?| 1 MK - a miswriting instead *c?iv?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"j 'wedge, cotter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"a" 3 (R, by animals), c?iva" 'space between legs above the knees', c?ivila"n 'back saddlegirth' (fixed with a wooden peg)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iis? 'wedge'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"so"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j, c?u"w, (K) c?ivij 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, 121, EDT 393-394, 396, Лексика 125, 398. Because of well known semantic correlations of the type 'penis': 'thorn': 'fir (needle)' it is tempting to compare also the name of the fir-tree: Tat. dial. (КСТТ) c?ivi, cyvy, Khak. syby, Shor s?u"be, Oyr. c?ibi (Tuba c?yby), Tuva s?ivi, Tof. s?ibi. However, the intermediate form meaning 'thorn' is not attested, and the medial consonant here is rather *-p- (unless we suppose interdialectal loans), so it may be unrelated.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118-119. Note however that most of the forms listed in VEWT actually reflect PT *c?opur (v. sub *s?op`e/), so the root *c?ubar appears to be very late and local.
face="Times New Roman Star"sug|a, sag|a (Anatri), polъ sog|alъ (Viryal) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"hag|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 807-808, ЭСТЯ 7, Лексика 220-222, Федотов 2, 68, Ашм. IX, 279, XI, 216. There is some confusion between this root and *san|ak (v. sub *sen|a). Turk. > WMong. sag|ag|, Kalm. sag|@g (KW 308). PT *sakkal 'beard' (full list of reflexes see in ЭСТЯ 7) is a probable derivative ( > MMong. (SH) sag|al, WMong. saqal, Kalm. sax@l, KW 308; > Hung. szaka/l, see Gombocz 1912; Mong. > Evk. sakal etc., see Doerfer MT 100).
face="Times New Roman Star"mother, elder sister, aunt
face="Times New Roman Star"мать, старшая сестра, тетя
face="Times New Roman Star"apa (Yen.)
face="Times New Roman Star"epe ? apa (Oghuz=Qarluq Tu"rkmen, MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"aba (Ank.), dial. apa
face="Times New Roman Star"apa
face="Times New Roman Star"apa 'elder sister' (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o|pa
face="Times New Roman Star"apa
face="Times New Roman Star"apa, afa (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"abic?e (< aba-ec?e)
face="Times New Roman Star"abune (< aba-ene)
face="Times New Roman Star"ava
face="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"apa
face="Times New Roman Star"apa
face="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"apa
face="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"apaj (Q)
face="Times New Roman Star"apa
face="Times New Roman Star"abaj, apaj
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, ЭСТЯ 1, 158-159, ССЯ 290-291, Лексика 300, 301, TMN 2, 3, Аникин 90. Front row variants (Tur. eve, Kaz. ebej, Yak., Dolg. ebe etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 220-221, Stachowski 42) are recent and may have a Mong. origin.
face="Times New Roman Star"eksi-, eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eksu"- 1 (Abush.), o"ksu"-, o"ksu"l- 1 (Pav. C.), o"ksu"k 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gsu"- 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"skik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"egis-, egsil- 1, egsik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"iks@l- 1, j@ksek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksu"- 1, o"ksu"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jisil- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 257-258, Егоров 77, Мудрак Дисс. 199; EDT 106, 117. The Chuv. Anlaut is not quite clear (iks@l- < *j@ks@l-?; one of the cases with prothetic j-, so the openness / closedness of the vowel in PT remains unknown); Федотов 1, 193 derives Chuv. j@ksik from PT *jek (v. sub *l/a:\k`e\), but this is phonetically impossible.
face="Times New Roman Star"kelegu" 'al-yarbu:' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen(g)i, geleni, dial. gelenki
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen|u" (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelemis?, keler, keles
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 249, EDT 718, ЭСТЯ 5, 31, Лексика 181. The root is not widely attested (although mentioned by MK), and may become confused with the root for 'lizard'; in Turkic dialects folk-etymologically influenced by gelin 'bride' (cf. also gelincek 'weasel', see Цивьян 1979), which would explain voiced g- (irregular in the Altaic perspective).
face="Times New Roman Star"i:deg 'keeping' ('присмотр'), et-
face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"at-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36-37, ЭСТЯ 1, 312-313, Дыбо Дисс. 56, Федотов 1, 67. Shortness in Turkm. et- is no doubt secondary: cf. the derivative i:deg, and also regular intervocalic voicing -t- > -d- in all Oghuz languages (pointing to original length), see EDT ibid.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 15, VEWT 49, ЭСТЯ 1, 553-554. The form es-, attested already in MK (see EDT 240, ЭСТЯ ibid.) is possibly a contraction of *ebs-.
face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulg.) bexti 'год обезьяны'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 66, EDT 295-296, ЭСТЯ 2, 128-129, TMN 2, 382, Лексика 168. All IE sources (EDT 295, TMN 2, 382-383), like Pers. bu:zi:na, proposed for this word are quite unclear etymologically and probably borrowed themselves. {Cf. also some modern words meaning 'cat': MKypch., Khor. mac?y, Uzb. mas?i, Tat. ma"c?i, see Лексика 192, perhaps borrowed from Turk. into Slovak and Hungarian.}
